Pop cinema visionary Wes Craven had developed a name on the wrong side of the movie tracks with intense exploitation epics like The Last House on the Left and The Hills Have Eyes. He burst into the '80s teen wave with Nightmare, adding a new iconic villain to the Jasons and Michael Myers's. But what he added was depth. Halloween didn't need to be much more than a vehicle for a final girl to find her courage. Friday the 13th kept the final girl and added gore. Freddy Kruger, like Jason and Michael, had a violent backstory but his influence over his prospective victims seeped into their unconscious, not just at night but in sleep debt moments in class where a monster who can look like anyone or anything as well as his terrifying self came to life. You carried Freddy around and were likely to meet him again at any time of the day. The psychological torture of that was compounded by the physical threat as that razor glove did real damage. Keep a stone wall between yourself and Jason and you're fine but Freddy is wherever you are.
As the teenagers who spend this film's middle act working out how to combat Freddy, they uncover his origin story and the concealment that implicates their parents in vigilante murder (this includes the current town sheriff). This follows Nancy's institutionalisation for sleep disorder where she comes out of a dream with Freddy, hanging on to his hat now in the real world. As we step back from this, look at all the fractured marriages and dysfunctional families in the neighbourhood, see if you're not torn as a viewer between fearing Freddy and understanding that he has a point. Then, the next scene he's in, his violence is so committed he's back on the terror list. What Craven does to ensure this is to add cruelty to Kruger's M.O., he doesn't just chase his victims and trap them, he taunts them, even as they are closing in on their own deaths.
All this and it still plays like a candy coloured pop movie with teenaged detectives. Before Tim Burtons bubblegum gothic put down roots, Nightmare on Elm St pumped its sets with the pallet of musk sticks and lemon drops in far more solid tones than even Spielberg was doing with his dirty-space version of suburbia. The dollhouse décor that holds alcoholic parents or the memory of absent ones is ripe for invasion by the toadlike monster of the kids' nightmares as he chases them down back alleys and boiler rooms.
Heather Langenkamp as Nancy has been held up for the awkwardness of the performance but, every time I revisit this one I just see more naturalism in it. Her odd grimaces and facial twisting are exactly the kind of unrehearsed personal grotesquery of the teenager. The teenagers in Nightmare are on the side of those in Christine rather than the quipping bratpack of John Hughes. This is complicated by the goofy homemade booby traps that Heather sets for Freddy which are straight out of cartoons but by that stage, she is fighting a phantom and the school science project feel to the gags do fit into a kind of appropriate logic. Then, when the complications with her overall scheme appear to rupture her imagined outcome, there is a realism to it that also satisfies.
A Nightmare on Elm Street has the honour to be among that rarest of horror franchises with creditable sequels. Craven himself returned to it for the meta New Nightmare. #2 is commonly held up as a queer cinema take. #3 is lauded to the point of being considered superior to the original. Yes, there is dreck in the lineage where the elements were just swished around in the mix again and served to the same people. While it can easily fit into the slasher sub-genre, Nightmare made it more of a challenge, adding parents to the cast who had to confront their generation's mistakes while the kids worked it out for themselves. You could still have (and did) teen knifing galleries but the smarter money was on establishing trust with the young audience the way that those John Hughes movies did. Of course, Craven gleefully went against this with his next game-changer, Scream, in which a cine-literate group of teens quipped their way through a slasher gauntlet. By then, though, he'd earned that decision.
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